Electric control system.



H. HALL ELECTRIC CONTROL SYSTEM.

APPLIUATION FILED JAN. 7, 1911.

Patented July 21, 1914.

3 SHEETSSHEET 1.

INVENTOR WITNESSES J. H. HALL.

ELECTRIC CONTROL SYSTEM. APPLICATION FILED JAN.7,1911.

1,103,959. n ed July 21, 1914, I L 7 3 SHEETSSHEET 2.

FIG. 2

, WITNESSES J. H. HALL.

ELEOTRIO CONTROL SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED JAN. 7, 1911.

Patented July 21, 1914.

3 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

WITAESSES IN VE N TOR Me/M ATTORNEY UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JAY 1!. ALL, or; ornvnnann, onro, AssreNon r THE nmacrnro conrnonrnn ANDim'rmrncrunme countr or CLEVELAND, 01110, A conrormrrou or 01110.

ELEC'IRIIIC! CONTROL SYSTEM.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented J uly 21 1914.

Original application filed September 26, 1910, Serial No. 583,747.Divided and application filed November 8, 1910, Serial No. 590,460.Divided and this application flied January 7, 1911.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JAY H. HALL, a citizen of the United States,residing at Cleveland, in the county of Cuyahoga and State of Ohio, haveinvented new and useful Improvements in Electric Control Systems, ofwhich the following is a specification.

My invention relates'to motor control sysstenis, articularly that. fprmin which magnet-ical y-operated switches are used to maize the variousconnections in the motor circult. In the usual form of such controllersone or mcre auxiliary contacts are used on each switch for controllingthe actuating circuits of the switches, and some form ofrelay device isused to obtain automatic acceleration of the motor.

The objects of the invention claimed in this application are-1st. Toprovide a system by which the motor may be reversed and controlledwithout the-use of auxiliary contacts or relay devices to control theactuating circuits of the various switches. 2nd. To provide a reversingswitch on whose contacts a circuit is never established nor broken, andto' cause the breaking of the motor circuit to, always occur atone pairof contacts which maybe carried by a main switch. I To accomplish thislast object it is evident that the main switch must never operate untilthe reverser is. in its proper position, and that the reverser mustnever operate while any current is flowing through the motor circuit.

I will now describe my invention in detail, referring to theaccompanying draw-.

ings, in which- Figure 1 is a wire diagram embodying my invention. Figs.2 and 3show in section and elevation the form of roverser switch which Iprefer to use. Fig. 4 is a View similar in character to Fig. 2, butshowing a modification thereof.

Referring first to Figs. 2 and 3 which show the form of reverser which Iprefer to use, d is a frame of magnetic material having two parallelmembers provided with the two bosses or poles d and (Z on opposite sidesof the armature d, which is pivoted between the said members on the pin(F and is. arranged to be attracted to one boss or the other. Thearmature (Z carries twoinsulated contactsd and d? supported on theinsulating members at. These con- Serial No. 601,385.

tacts connect on one side with the stationary contacts (1" and 12", andon the other side with the stationary contacts d and d' (Fig.

. 1). The stationary contacts are mtunted on an insulating support d, asalso ale the ter minals d and 11', joined by the fletible connectors fto the contacts (i and ,d". The bosses (Z and (l are surrounded by theWindings d? and d, respectively; and. the boss d" to which the armature(if is pivoted is surrounded by the winding d".

From Fig. 1 it is seen that the {windings (12 and c n are connected inseries across the supply mains as follows: From the positive mainthrough the wire 1, the contact d, the winding d, the point 0, thewinding at, the contacts 01 and (1' the wire 5, and the motor-field F to.Le negative main. The winding a is in the armature branch of the motorcircuit, as will be presently explained, so that each reversal of thearmature rotation will reverse the flow of current in the winding, theobject of this coil being to prevent the operation of the reversingswitch when any motor current is flowing through it. The winding (1 hasone termlnal con e ted to the contact (ii-and the otherto the movablecontact of the main switch S, actuated by the winding S having oneterminal connected to the wire 17 leading to the segments m and m of themaster switch'M, and the other terminal to the wire 13 or otherconnection leading to the contact (5 so that it may be connected to thepositive or the negative main according as the contact at engages thefixed contact (Z or cl.

On Fig. 1 it is seen that the acceleration windings S S and S have eachone terminal connected to" the fixed contactof a switch which nextprecedes it in operation, and th other terminal connected to the movablemember of the switch which it actuates and to one terminal of a's'ectionof resistance. The windings S S and S have each one terminal connectedto the wire 13 and their three remaining terminals connected to thesegments m a jl m, respectively, of the master switch I Referring now toFig. 1, as scan as the master-controller handle 0 mo ed to the position1, the winding (Z is energized by current from the positive through the.wind ing al the wire 12, the auxiliary contacts It and h of the switchS, the wire 12, and the contacts, m and m to the negative. Thiscausesthe reversing switch to operate, connectin d to (Z and (1 to Whenthe controller handle moves to position 2 cur- .rent flows from thepositive through the wire '1, the contacts (i and (i the Winding (1,",one terminal of the switch S, the wire 13,'th e windings S S and Sin'par- "allel, the wires 14, 15 and 16 in parallel, the

[contacts m m7, and m", and the arm to the negative on the contact m.Current also flows from the positive through the wire 1, the contacts 0iand d the winding (1, the sole noid S of the switch S, the wire 17, andthe contacts m and m to the ne ative, which closes the switch S,whereupon 2 connection is broken-between contacts h and It so thatcurrentceasesto flow through the wires 12 and 12 and the winding al isplaced in series with the winding 0?. The current through the windings SS and S prevents their respective switches from operating until'they aredeenergized. On the closure of the switch S, current flows from thepositive through the wire 1, the contacts d and d, the windingd, thecontacts of the switch S, the operating winding S? of the switch S, thewire 2, the resistance R, R and R the wire 3', the motor armature A, thewire 4, the contacts at and (l' the wire 5, and the series field F tothe negative. This circuit connects all of the resistance in series withthe motor and starts the motor at its lowest eed.

As "long as the-master controller handle remains in the position 2, theswitch S cannot operate on account of the winding S being energized. Ifthe master controller arm 0 is moved to the position 3, the winding S isdenergized, and the switch S is allowed to close providing the currentin the winding S is below a predetermined value. Upon the closure of theswitch S, the winding S of the switch S is energized, at the same timeshort-circuiting the resistance R and causing the motor to increase itsspeed. The switchS will not operate until the master controller arm 0 ismoved to the position 4, when its winding S is deenergized, allowing theswitch toclose as soon as the current in the winding S1121 diminshes toa predetermined value. This switch then closes, energizing the winding Sof the switch S and short-circuiting the resistance R and furtherincreasing the speed of the motor. The switch S is prevented fromoperating until the master controller arm 0 is moved to the position 5,,at which time its winding S is decnergized, allowing the switch toclose and short-circuiting the last section B of the resistance. Theaction of the windings S S and S on their respective switches is suchthat a. large current will cause the switch to remain open, and asmaller current which may be adjusted to a predetermined value on eachswitch will cause the switch to operate, as above explained, providedthe windings S S 9, and S201) are decnergized. On moving the controllerarm to the Off-I)O' sition, the main switch S opens, which opens themotor circuit, thereby causing all the switches S, S, and S to drop out,the reversing switch remaining in its operated position. On moving thecontroller handle to the position 6, the positive is connected to thepoint 0 through the contacts m and m, and the wire 12, the'auxiliarycontacts h and k of the switch S, and the .wire 12, therebyenergizingthe winding (2 and sh'ort-circuiting the winding d which causes thereversing switch to operate, connecting its contacts d and d to itscontacts d and d, respectively. On moving the controller arm to position7, the winding S is energized from the positive through the contacts mand m, the wire 17, and the contacts of the reversing switch to thenegative, through the wire 5 and the field F. This causes the switch Sto operate, closing the motor circuit through all the startingresistance, but the current now flows through the armature in theopposite direction from that before through the following circuit: fromthe positive through the wire 11, the contacts d and d, the wire 4, thearmature A, the wire 3, the starting resistance, the wire 2, theoperating winding of the switch S, the contacts of the switch S, thewinding (1", the contacts (i and d, the wire 5, and the series field Fto the negative; The direction of current has been reversed through thewind-' ing S and'it is also reversed through the windings S 9, S and Ssince the positive connection is now at the master controller. As themaster switch arm is moved step by ste to positions 7, 8, 9,and 10, the

swltches S S and S operate as before to short circuit the startingresistance and bring the motor up to speed. On movin the inaster switcharm. 0 to the off-position, the switch S opens the motor circuit and theaccelerating switches dro out. If the master switch arm is move quickly,from the off-position to position 5, the reversing switch will operate,and then the main switch S will close, all the windings S S and S willbe deenergized but the winding S will operate the switch S only when themotor current is below a predetermined value. The operation of thisswitch energizes the operating winding of the switch S In the samemanner this switch does not operate until the motor current is againbelow a pre' determined value. Likewise when the switch S closes theoperating winding of the switch S is energized, but this switch does notclose until the motor current is again reduced to a redetermined valueand the acceleration of t e motor has taken place mosses a automaticallyand in the shortest time without exceeding a safe value of motorcurrent. It the arm of the master switch is reversed quickly to position6, although the winding (Z is now fully energized itwill not operate thereverscr until the switch S has opened a'nd'the motor current actuallyinterrupted, thereby deenergizing llle winding cl.

It often occurs that. the motor circuit contains a large inductiveresistance, the arc at the contacts of the switch S will continue toexist for some little time until the switch has reached its maximum opning position, but the reverser with the construction shown will notoperate until the'are has been extinguished and the inotor currentdefinitely interrupt-ed. This action of preventing the operation of thereversing switch does not, therefore, depend upon the position of theswitch S, but upon the condition ot'whether or not current is flowing inthe motor circuit.

It will be noticed that the switches S, 3 and S are held closed by themotor currentand will, therefore not open until the current in the motorcircuit ceases to flow, thereby preventing any are at their contacts atthe opening of the switch. -For the same reason the reversing switchcannot operate as long as any motor current flows, and no arc will beformed at its contacts when it is allowed to operate.

1' have shown the preventive operating windings S 8, and S2017 connectedin multiple and deenergized one at a time by the movement of the mastercontrolling handle. It will be readily understood by those skilled inthe art that these windings may be connected in series or inothercombination with proper connections on the master controller todenergize the windings at will as the master controller handle is movedfrom one position to the next.

When the winding d is energized and the'armature (Z is attracted to theboss or pole (I as hereinbefore described, the winding (Z isshort-circuited, and a magnetic flux is set up through the path 0. Thiswill cause the armature (7* to be attracted to the boss d Upon theclosure of the main switch the motor current will flow through thewinding [1' which is connected to set up a magnetic flux in thedirection of the path 2, having the double barbed arrows. This willincrease the tiux tending to hold the armature in contact with the boss(5 It now the positive connection is removed from the point 0, the twowindings (2 and (Z are connected in series and equally excited. thewinding (Z being so connected that it will tend to set up a llltlr. inthe path This flux however is opposed in the central arm of the magneticcircuit through the armature by the flux set upby the windings (Z andti, and will be forced into the path marlted 0 and due. to the smalliaap between the armature and the boss 01 this flux will help to holdthe armature d in contact with the boss (Z it now the point 0 should beconnected to the negative main, the winding (Z would be short-circuitcd,and the wind-. ing (Z would be fully excited. The flux still set up bythe winding (Z however, will still oppose the flux set up by the winding"(1 in the central arm of the circuit, and force the, increased fiux ofthe-winding (5 to 'fiow in the path 0 which will hold the armature incontact with the boss (Z as long as'any motor current flows in thewinding (5". If the motor current is now interrupted, the winding a?"will be dee'nergized and the flux set up by the winding d will .followthe path 0 thereby attracting the armature d to the boss d and reversingthe connections to the armature. If now the motor circuit is agalnestablished, the direction of current through the winding will bereversed, and the flux set up in this coil will now be in the directionshown by the path 0 which will assistthe flux set up by the winding d inholding the armature in contact with the boss (Z The armature willcontinue to remain in this position as long as any motor current flowsregardless of whether the windings d and (Z are excited or not. 'Whenthe fiux set up by the winding (Z is flowing in the path 0 any flux setup by the winding (i which would tend to flow in the path 0 would now beopposed by the flux of the winding (2' in the central arm of themagnetic circuit, and the flux; in the winding (i would be directed intothe path 0 which would help to hold the arm (17 in contact with the bossd Generally speaking, whenever the winding (Z is denergized the armature03* will be attracted to that boss whose winding has the excessexcitation, but when the winding d is energized it will hold thearmature in contact with the boss to which it has been previouslyattracted, and the windings d and a then both operate to hold thearmature in that position. The same effect may be secured by placingwindings (Z and (Z similar to d on the respective bosses (Z and (Zadjacent to the windings (Z and (Z as shown on Fig. 4. In thisarrangement only one of these windings d and (Z will be energized at atime, and that winding will be energized which is on the side to whichthe armature d has been just attracted. In the diagram these windingswould be located in the wires 1 and 11, and the flux set up by themwould be in the same direction as set up by the windings (Z and 03Assuming that the winding (Z has been energized and the armature (iattracted to the boss d if the windings d and al are now connected inseries, the flux set up by the winding (Z will flow in the path 0', andthe flux set up by the winding (2 will tend q, and the two windings,therefore, tend to hold the armature d with the boss (i I have pointedout before that this efiect takes place when the winding al isenergized, but I-wish also to point out that this eflt'ect will takeplace when only the two windings (1 and d are energized in series, whichoccurs when the master controller handle in Fig. 1 is moved to theposition 2. The advantage of this action is that after the reverser hasoperated, the two windings can be thrown in series, .maintainingapproximately the same pressure between the reverser contacts, butcutting down the amount of heating in the operating windings.

This ap llcation is a division of my application erial Number 590,460,filed November 3,1910, which is a division of my still earlierapplication Serial Number 583,747, filed September 26, 1910.

I claim- 1. A reverser, operating windings there for in combination withmeans ener izing one of said windings for operating t e reverser in onedirection and means energizing both of said 'windings each atsubstantially half voltage for holding said reverser in its operatedposition.

2. In a reverser, a branched magnetic circuit, an energizing wlnding foreach branch.

a current reversmg member controlled by the magnetic circuit and meansfor causing substantially no flux to flow in one part of the saidcircuit when the winding for operating the current-reversing member isenergized.

'3: In a. reverser, two magnetic. circuits having a common path, awinding for each circuit, a current reversing member controlled by thewindings and means for causing substantially no flux to flow in the saidpath when the winding for operating the current-reversing member isenergized.

4. In a magnetically-operated reverser, a reversing member, windings foroperating the reversing member in one direction or the other, and awinding adapted to hold the reversing member in its operated positionwhich when energized affects the holding power of both of the saidoperating windings.

5. In a reverser, a set of stationary reverser contacts, a set ofmovable reverser" contacts mounted on a movable member of magneticmaterial, operatmg windings for 1,1oe,see

moving said member in opposite directions to engage said stationarycontacts, saidmem ber containing a portion of the magnetic circuit whichis common to both operating.

windings.

6. In a reverser,. a set of stationary reverser contacts, a set ofmovable reverser contacts mounted on a movable member of magneticmaterial, operating windings for moving said member in oppositedirections to engage said stationary contacts, said member containing aportion of the magnetic circuit which is common to both, operatingwindings, and in which substantially .no flux flows when both windingsare encrgized.

7. In-a reverser, a set of stationary reverser contacts, a set ofmovable reverser contacts mounted on a movable member of magneticmaterial, operating windings for moving said member in oppositedirections to engage said stationary contacts, said member containing aportion of the magnetic circuit which is common to both operatingwindings, and magnetic means for causing additional magnetic flux toflow in said common portion in the same direction as the flux set up bythe winding which last operated said reverser.

8. In a reverser, a magnetic circuit having a movable reverser member aportion thereof common to three energizing windings, one of saidwindings for operating the reverser member in one direction, a secondfor operating the reverser member-in the other direction, and a thirdfor holding the reverser member in the last operated position. 9. Areverser, sets of contacts therefor, a magnetic circuit therefor havinga plurality of flux paths, a winding for producing a flux in one pathfor closing one set of contacts, a second winding for producing a fluxin another path for closing another set of contacts, and means energizedby current through the closed contacts for increasing the flux in thepath corresponding thereto.

10. A reverser, sets of contacts therefor, a magnetic circuit thereforcomprising a plurality of flux paths, a winding for producing a flux inone path for operating the reverser to close one set of contacts,asecond winding for producing a flux in another path for operating thereverser to close another set of contacts, and a winding in series withthe closed contacts for holding them closed.

Signed at Cleveland, Ohio, this 4th day of January, A. D. 1911.

JAY H. HALL.

Witnesses:

R. H. BENNETT, H. M. DIEMER.

copies of this patent may be obtained for five cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Iatents, Washington, D. 0.

